Panelistas

Paper and authors ¨ Autores y Ponencias

Presentations and authors English	Ponencias y autores Español
Adolfo Ortega Granados laoglusus@gmail.com
The (im) mobility as strategy of businessmen’s Tijuana to face violence at border   In the first decade of the present/21st century, violence related to organize crime hit various locations in northern Mexico. Tijuana, BC. was one of the first cities where such violence reached record levels. Murder, kidnapping, extortion, disappearances, etc., became the main criminal acts that impacted the lives of the border. This paper describes the strategies of a social stratum of Tijuana, which by their social condition was violated by groups crime: businessman. Because of the particular characteristics of the border region, and given the economics, social and cultural resources, diverse businessman have developed different types strategies linked to (in) mobility, in and through the region, to preserve its physical and social status. In this context, it was possible to distinguish two types of businessmen, those who crossed the border into the United States and those who stayed Mexican side. For the displaced, the border became a container violence and grantor safety. However, for those who didn’t cross it, this becomes a rigid door so other strategies, also based on movement, had to be implemented in Tijuana. The foregoing showed the ability of businessman to act as corporate agents and the heterogeneity of their practices in the social space border.   About the author Adolfo Ortega is a Sociologist by UAM-Iztapalapa and Master in Cultural Studies at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. Topics of academic interest: Borders, Identities and migrations.	La (in) movilidad como estrategia de empresarios tijuanenses para afrontar la violencia en el espacio social fronterizo   En la primera década del siglo XXI, la violencia vinculada al crimen organizado impactó en distintas localidades del norte de México. Tijuana, BC. fue una de las primeras ciudades donde este tipo de violencia alcanzó niveles nunca antes registrados. Asesinatos, secuestros, extorsiones, desapariciones, etcétera, se convirtieron en los principales actos criminales que impactaron la vida de los fronterizos. El presente trabajo describe las estrategias de un estrato social de Tijuana, que por su propia condición social fue vulnerado por los grupos delictivos, los empresarios. Por las características particulares de la región fronteriza y dados los recursos económicos, sociales y culturales diferenciados de cada uno de empresarios, emergieron distintos tipos estrategias vinculadas a (in) movilidades en y a través de la región para preservar su integridad física y su estatus social. En este contexto fue posible distinguir dos tipos de empresarios, aquellos que cruzaron la frontera hacia Estados Unidos y quienes se quedaron del lado mexicano. Para los desplazados, la frontera se convirtió en contenedor de la violencia y otorgante de seguridad. Sin embargo, para aquellos que no cruzaron, fue una puerta rígida por lo que tuvieron que implementaron otras estrategias en Tijuana también basadas en el movimiento. Con lo anterior se evidenció la capacidad de acción de los agentes empresariales así como la heterogeneidad de las prácticas realizadas en el espacio social fronterizo.   Acerca del autor Adolfo Ortega es Sociólogo por la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Iztapalapa y Maestro en Estudios Culturales por El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. Temas de interés académico: Fronteras, identidades y migraciones.
Adrian Gonzalez adrian.gonzalez@volvo.com
	Empatía por la rebeldía y presentación de la danza guerrera de Ynicuan   “Empatía por la rebeldía” es la visión del autor acerca de las nuevas dinámicas sociales que se deben asociar a un pasado de dignidad y lucha; entender de manera cabal el surgimiento de las tradiciones de cohesión social para poder enfrentar los retos más urgentes en un mundo en donde los paradigmas capitalistas, cambian de manera dinámica y cuyas consecuencias son exponenciales; la batalla en contra de los aislamientos radicales de los seres humanos, debe necesariamente dar como resultado, las nuevas dinámicas sociales que podrán garantizar una transición menos traumática una vez que el llamado “apocalipsis financiero” llegue.   Discusión sobre el marco teórico e histórico-antropológico de la exposición fotográfica (42 fotografías) denominada: “La danza guerrera de Ynicuan.” Esta es una de las danzas de “carnaval” más hermosas de los Ñu’s Sa’avi.   Acerca del autor    David Adrián “Iblijs” González Mendoza, “chilango” a causa del terrorismo económico y del etnocidio cultural en el campo mexicano de los años 70’s; es también fruto de una extraña mezcla de linaje que implica a 3 de los pueblos más importantes de la nación Ñu’u Sa’avi (Ynicuan, Tejupan y Acatlán), ha dedicado los últimos años al estudio del origen de una de las tradiciones más bellas, de una región rica en tradiciones coloridas y multifacéticas. Cuenta con estudios de Actuaría, finanzas corporativas y dinámicas de vivienda.
Alaina Gallegos gallegos.alaina@gmail.com   Analyzing Gender Reactions to Symbolic Violence Among Deportees in Tijuana, B.C., Mexico   In 2011, the U.S. reached an all time high of deportations.  The humiliation of this process often includes being shackled, detained, interrogated, verbally abused, and coerced into signing deportation papers.  The criminalization of being “unauthorized” is a manifestation of symbolic violence that reproduces the cultural and historical domination of the U.S. over Mexico.  For years, Mexicans have supplied the U.S. with cheap labor that has allowed the agricultural and service sectors of the U.S. economy to thrive.  Despite this longstanding relationship, anti-immigrant sentiment and policies pervade.  Using Pierre Bourdieu’s framework of symbolic violence this research will highlight how history, policies, and ideology manifest in interactions between U.S. authorities and unauthorized immigrants through narratives of deported men and women. Participant observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted at designated migrant-receiving shelters in Tijuana, B.C.  This research finds that abuse and dehumanization occur at every level of the deportation process.  Women found the abuse deeply offensive while their male counterparts perceived it as a normalized part of the migration experience.  Mothers separated from their children exhibited the most obvious signs of emotional distress.  Coping strategies were also inherently gendered as women bonded with their counterparts while men did not.   About the author Alaina Gallegos is a candidate for a dual Master’s in Public Health and Latin American studies at SDSU.  She recently participated as a research assistant in the largest binational investigation ever undertaken examining violence, migration, and security, through the University of Arizona.
Alberto López Pulido apulido@sandiego.edu Rigo Reyes Rigo@losninosintl.org   “Living Lowrider Culture in San Diego: Our Roots from the ‘Other Side’ – Nuestras Raíces Desde Otro Lado”   The history of lowriders in the United States is a deeply rich cultural expression and movement.  It has been described as an exclusively U.S. Chicano experience. Scholars and commentators have for the most part ignored the transnational and trans-border influences on lowrider culture.  The authors of this essay represent an interdisciplinary team that is finalizing a documentary on the history of “living lowrider culture” in San Diego. As a result, part of our project seeks to challenge this notion and instead strives to recognize and honor the contributions of the Modificadores or Customizers del “Otro Lado” who have historically played a critical role in shaping and affirming the Chicano lowrider movement in the United States.   Keeping in line with the theme of this conference, we highlight the critical moments in the  U.S. lowrider movement where the creative artistic and organizing spirit of the Tijuana lowrider scene has played a central role in building and strengthening communities of struggle and resistance for the people on both side of the border. Consider that the early Chicano car clubs from San Diego drew a great deal of inspiration and maintained their identity by working in unison with the lowrider movement in Tijuana. Our research has revealed that Los Club Sociales y Automovilisticos de Tijuana played a key role in supporting and affirming the Chicano Lowrider scene in San Diego and throughout Southern California.   Simultaneously, numerous Tijuanenses who represent part of the lowrider movement in Tijuana acquired many of their sources of creative inspiritation by having contact with the lowrider movement in the United States.  This essay will highlight this unique and intimate interplay and exchange between Mexican-origin communities on both side of la frontera.   About the authors Alberto López Pulido, University of San Diego, professor. Rigo Reyes, Via International
Alicia R. López M.A. diss.ccourse@gmail.com
A Study and Analysis on Solidarity and Resistance Efforts of Maquiladora Workers in Tijuana: A Shop Steward's Perspective.         In 1965, Mexico began its gradual departure from a post-war policy of national economic development via import-substitution and self-subsistence agriculture.  Mexico’s conversion to open and liberal economics commenced—to some extent—via its Border Industrialization Program.  Since then the maquiladora industry has greatly influenced not only Mexico’s economy, but its social and cultural fabric as well.  The outcomes of maquiladora proliferation in Mexico range from positive to harmful effects.  In response to what Kopinak (2004) describes as “The social costs of industrial growth,” organizing and resistance efforts for social and environmental justice have developed throughout Mexico, and even internationally.  The outcomes of such struggles have resulted in both, stories of success, and disappointment—but above all, lessons learned.  This essay describes a preliminary study and analysis of organizing and resistance experiences of Tijuana maquiladora workers in Tijuana, mostly women.  The research seeks to identify strengths and limitations through case studied of organizing efforts at a maquiladora plants in Tijuana, particularly controlling and resistance mechanisms utilized by workers, employers, government, and other entities involved.  These case studies are positioned within a broader national and international context of the industry’s role.  The study and analysis is conducted through documental research and interviews.  Lastly, the study is done so from a shop steward’s perspective experienced union activity in San Diego, Ca. Ultimately, this research responds to a need for stronger, more effective organizing and resistance strategies pro social and environmental justice.   References Kopinak, K. (2004). The social costs of industrial growth in Northern Mexico.  La Jolla, Ca: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, UCSD.   About the author MA Latin American Studies, San Diego State University	Un estudio y análisis sobre los esfuerzos de solidaridad y resistencia de los trabajadores de maquiladoras en Tijuana: Perspectiva de un delegado sindical   En 1965, México inició su salida gradual de una política de desarrollo económico nacional a través de la sustitución de importaciones y agricultura de auto-subsistencia.  La conversión de México a la economía abierta y liberal comenzó — en cierta medida — a través de su Programa de Industrialización Fronteriza.  Desde entonces, la industria maquiladora ha influido no sólo la economía de México, sino también su tejido socio-cultural.  Los resultados a la proliferación de las maquiladoras en México oscilan entre efectos positivos y perjudiciales.  En respuesta a lo que Kopinak (2004) describe como "Los costos sociales del crecimiento industrial," se han desarrollado esfuerzos de organización y resistencia por la justicia social y ambiental a lo largo de México—incluso internacionalmente.  Estas luchas han resultado en ambos, éxitos y decepciones, pero sobre todo, lecciones de las cual podemos aprender.  Este ensayo describe un estudio preliminar y análisis de experiencias de organización y resistencia de trabajadores en maquiladoras de Tijuana, la mayoría mujeres.  La investigación pretende identificar algunas fortalezas y limitaciones dentro de los esfuerzos de organización y resistencia en algunos casos de trabajadores en plantas maquiladoras de Tijuana.  También busco identificar las formas de control y resistencia utilizados por trabajadores, empleadores, el gobierno y otras entidades involucradas.  El caso estudiado se coloca dentro de un contexto más amplio en el que se sitúa el papel de la industria.  El estudio y análisis se lleva a cabo mediante entrevistas, e investigación documental. Por último, el estudio lleva la perspectiva de un delegado sindical con experiencia sindical en San Diego, Ca.   Esta investigación responde a la necesidad de estrategias de organización y resistencia más fuertes y eficaz pro justicia social y ambiental. Referencias Kopinak, K. (2004). Los costos sociales del crecimiento industrial en el norte de México. La Jolla, Ca: Centro de estudios México-Estados Unidos, UCSD.
Ana Andrade oranchie@gmail.com
Ñongos Photographic work documenting the deported community in Tijuana-- To share the dynamic that some deportees have to carry out, in order to survive in a foreign city; finding themselves in an area that historically has been transited by migrants: The Tijuana River Canal a.k.a. “El Bordo.”	Ñongos Trabajo fotográfico documentando la comunidad de deportados en Tijuana. Buscamos compartir la dinámica que algunas personas deportadas llevan a cabo para sobrevivir en una ciudad ajena a la suya; encontrándose en un espacio que desde casi siempre ha sido transitado por migrantes: la canalización del río Tijuana “El Bordo”.  Información adquirida mediante la realización del proyecto fotográfico documental “Ñongos”.   Acerca de la autora Licenciada en Comunicación y publicidad. Especializada en la fotografía urbana/ social/ documental. Colaboradora del Centro Estatal de Investigaciones para la Vialidad y el Transporte en Guadalajara. Becaria del programa Jóvenes Creadores (2011-2012) de FONCA/CONACULTA para llevar a cabo proyecto fotográfico “Ñongos”. Colaboró  con el Centro de Investigaciones Sociales para el libro: Ilustrando las Familias de México. Su obra se puede consultar en el blog Oranchie.wordpress.com.
Antonieta Mercado antonietamercado@sandiego.edu   Subtractive or Cosmopolitan Citizenship? Transnational Indigenous Communication in the Twenty-First Century   Immigration is commonly a condition of exclusion from full citizenship in our contemporary world, as gender, slavery, poverty, and other circumstances have been in the past. Immigrants have to comply with cumbersome and lengthy legal requirements for political inclusion, and commonly, once accepted legally they also have to forgo their attachments to their homeland, such as their mother language, in order to adopt the new dominant culture as their own. Following more recent trends, first generation may skip this pressure, but certainly their offspring may be required to adhere to a single dominant culture and keep ties to the original culture as “residual.” This model is not smooth, and almost always entails coercive or even violent practices of control from the state institutions either to the first, second, or even third generation. Citizenship, conceived this way is not an enriching process, but a subtractive and impoverished one, where entire systems of knowledge get lost in order to fit into a single dominant sociocultural and political arrangement where newcomers have to “assimilate” in order to be accepted. It is precisely from the point of view of immigrants that this national exclusivity is challenged, focusing on transnational communication practices of indigenous Mexican immigrants in the United States as examples of a more cosmopolitan citizenship, this presentation explores the practices of communication that indigenous Mexicans immigrants living in the United States engage in. Those transnational practices offer a good example of how cosmopolitan engagement across nations are constructed from below, enriching the conception of citizenship, instead of controlling and limiting it, such as the traditional straight line assimilation model suggests. I study the case of one pan-ethnic and multi-site organization of indigenous Mexicans mainly from the state of Oaxaca named Frente Indígena de Organizaciones Binacionales, or Indigenous Front of Binational Organizations (FIOB). Although FIOB is not a strictly “border” organization, their binational work extends along a migratory network in both, the US and Mexico, passing through the border region between California and Baja California, where FIOB has a strong presence and carries different civic and communicative practices.   About the author Antonieta Mercado is an assistant professor of Communication at the University of San Diego. She studies transnational communication practices of indigenous immigrants from Mexico in the United States, and teaches classes on communication, media, activism, and social justice. She has a Ph D in Communication from UCSD.
Aurelio Meza meza.aurelio@gmail.com
Border, art and engagement: the collective dimension of artistic creation in Intransigente, Agitprop and Cog-nate.   This paper reports a two-year research on three collectives in Tijuana, Mexico and San Diego, CA, USA—Colectivo Intransigente, Agitprop Art Space and Cog·nate Collective, based upon a series of interviews, documental research and participant observation. It discusses the collectives’ current relevancy in both cities’ and nations’ art-literature fields, in order to analyze some representations on Tijuana, San Diego and the border—hybridism, cross-border, and so on—which the collectives’ members  criticize or contest, or rather propose new ones. An approach to the collective dimension in artistic creation and circulation in the selected groups is carried out. This paper shows that collectives allow their members to distribute their works within the art-literature fields and promote their participation in the discussion of representations about their cities. However, personal interests that members invest on collective action determine beforehand their ascription to specific art communities, as well as the level of interaction with artists from the other side of the border. As a result, the importance given to cross-border relations for their careers varies in degree and intensity.   About the author Aurelio Meza was born in Mexico City in 1985 and currently lives in Baja California. B.A. in English Literature (UNAM) and M.A. in Cultural Studies (Northern Border College, Tijuana).	La frontera, el arte y compromiso: la dimensión social de la creación artística en Intransigente, Aigtprop y Cog-nate   Esta ponencia da cuenta de una investigación de dos años sobre tres colectivos en Tijuana, México y San Diego, EE. UU. (Colectivo Intransigente, Agitprop Art Space y Cog·nate Collective) basado en entrevistas, investigación documental y observación participante. Se discute la actual relevancia de los colectivos en los campos artístico-literarios de ambas ciudades y naciones, para luego analizar algunas representaciones sobre Tijuana, San Diego y la frontera (hibridismo, transfronterizo, etcétera) que los integrantes de los colectivos critican, desafían o bien crean otras nuevas. Por  último, se realiza una aproximación a la dimensión colectiva en la creación y divulgación artística en los grupos seleccionados. Este trabajo muestra que los colectivos facilitan a sus integrantes la socialización de sus obras en los campos artístico-literarios y su participación en la discusión sobre las representaciones de sus ciudades. Sin embargo, los intereses personales que los integrantes invierten en la acción colectiva condicionan de antemano su adscripción a comunidades artísticas específicas, así como el nivel de interacción con artistas del otro lado de la frontera. De tal modo, la importancia que le atribuyen a las relaciones fronterizas para su labor artística varía en grado e intensidad.   Acerca del autor Aurelio Meza nació en la ciudad de México en 1985 y ahora reside en Baja California. Estudio la licenciatura en literatura inglesa por la UNAM y la maestría en estudios culturales del Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana.
Daniel Watman dan.watman@gmail.com   Friendship Park There has been a great deal of movement in the last four years around the park as far as attempts to stop it's closure through civil disobedience and media exposure which has resulted in giving a coalition of cultural, human rights, environmental, and activist organizations a little bit of a foothold in the negotiations for a more open and accessible park. Several of these organizations have come together to form “The Friends of Friendship Park Coalition.” Meetings with the Department of Homeland Security and the involvement of a local San Diego architect James Brown, have resulted in some progress toward the return of a true bi-national space. This presentation will include an update on all that's happened in recent history and what the current situation is at Friendship Park. Some believe this area can serve as a catalyste to changing the current US militarization and enforcement-only policy toward a different way of looking at the border where Friendship, environmental colaboration, and family unity can contribute to the security of the region.    About the author Daniel Watman has a B.S. degree at Arizona State University in Aeronautical Technology, and a Master's degree in Spanish linguistics from San Diego State University. He started a cultural group called Border Encuentro in 2004 that attempts to bring people together from both sides of the border through common interest gatherings inside a bi-national circle through the border fence. The Border encuentro project has recently joined the Friends of Friendship Park coalition, which has been working to create more accessible cross-border connection at Friendship Park.
Dario Alvarez alvarez.baltimore@gmail.com   Identity, Shame, and Humiliation: Psychosocial Contributors to Violence along the Tijuana-San Diego Border   Understanding and managing violence and other victim-based-crimes are significant components of planning, as these have the potential to compromise the economic sustainability of various communities. However, the dominant paradigms within which classical criminology and national development have emerged limit the ability of those interested in addressing issues of violence to explore and comprehend the underlying psychological and social factors that contribute to such acts. This essay analyzes the arguments by proponents of national development in Latin America and challenges the conventional wisdom that 1) violence is a result of social disorganization that hinders development and 2) that development, as it is conventionally understood, described, and sought by international agencies such as the WB, IMF, and OECD is the singular, most beneficial, and desired end for all communities around the world. Lastly, this essay studies the case of the border city of Tijuana, Mexico in order to explore the relationship between neoliberal global development praxis and the psychosocial factors underlying violence in the region.   About the author Dario Alvarez is a candidate for a Masters in Community Planning at the University of Maryland, focusing on issues of social justice, economic development, and environmental consciousness. He has a degree in Architecture from the University of California at Berkeley and has previously lived, studied, and practiced in the San Diego/ Tijuana region.
David Schmidt davidschmidt2003@hotmail.com   "Border: Labyrinth of Opportunity"--"La Frontera: El Laberinto de las Oportunidades"   This presentation will examine the unique metaphysical nature of the border region through the lens of two concepts present in spiritual traditions across the globe--the concepts of "labyrinth" and "paradox".   Labyrinths are used almost universally by different spiritual traditions for meditative, ritual practice--including the indigenous nations which inhabited the region now known as the U.S.-Mexico border. The ancient inhabitants of the deserts of the Californias walked labyrinthine trails in the desert as a spiritual practice, to enter a more conscious, meditative state of mind. In contrast, the modern U.S.-Mexico border presents a series of labyrinths which serve to confuse and disorient, rather than bring clarity of mind. Paradox, as well, is a concept present in indigenous and organized religious traditions across the globe. Both concepts--labyrinth and paradox--are twisted and perverted by the current U.S. militarization of the border--turning the region into an area where the reality of our interconnectedness with each other across the border is hidden from sight.   The unique paradox of the border region lies in the fact that one sector of the population on both sides of the border crosses this line on a regular basis. There is a sizeable population which is truly binational, crossing back and forth for business, family, cultural, entertainment, or commercial pursuits. Meanwhile, an equally large sector of the border population has never crossed to the other side--either due to ignorance and fear, or due to lack of papers. The result of this is a singularly unique region where some residents have a truly binational cultural mentality, while others have a mythologized view of the "other side".   The presentation will focus on misconceptions within U.S. perceptions of the Mexican side of the border (while also mentioning misconceptions from those in Mexico who have not crossed northwards.) Touching on cultural ignorance, as well as an exaggerated perception of Mexico as "violent" or "dangerous", the focus will be on the mistaken belief that the border exists on an absolute level--an ignorance of the economic integration of the north and south sides of the border. The border, when it is not crossed and challenged, serves to hide from view the ugly side of trade--the exploitation and suffering which exist in maquiladoras and factory farms south of the border, which are an integral part of the U.S. consumer economy.   The presentation will conclude with ways in which we can challenge the distorting effects of the border--building relationships, solidarity, cultural exchange, and fair alternative forms of trade, in cross-border ways. In doing so, we transform the border from a disorienting maze into a meditative labyrinth which brings us greater awareness of our interconnectedness with each other.   About the author David is coordinator of "C.A.F.E. - Creating Alternative and Fair Enterprise"
Dinorah Liliana Sanchez dlsanchez@ucsd.edu
Access to Health Care for Undocumented Mexican Migrants in North County San Diego   Recent laws across the United States have criminalized living as an undocumented migrant and have made their lives even more difficult than before. California is often labeled a “sanctuary” state, as such state laws have not succeeded in this state.  However, there are many other laws, policies, and practices that serve the same purpose of making living in peace nearly impossible for undocumented migrants.  This paper discusses how the denial of health care services serves as such a practice in North County San Diego.  I review the current state and federal laws, as well as hospital policies, to determine what sort of access undocumented migrants have to health care, and compare these with their lived experiences.   About the author Dinorah Lillie Sánchez is a mother, partner, activist and an undergraduate student at the University of California, San Diego, studying Sociocultural Anthropology. As an active member of the Human Rights Council of Oceanside, she is familiar with the issues affecting migrants residing in North County San Diego.	Acceso a servicios médicos para migrantes indocumentados Mexicanos en el Condado Norte de San Diego   Nuevas leyes en los Estados Unidos han criminalizado el ser migrante indocumentado y han hecho el vivir en este país mucho más difícil que antes. Muchos ven el estado de California como un estado “santuario” ya que esas leyes no se han implementado aquí. Sin embargo, hay demasiadas leyes, políticas, y prácticas que sirven al mismo propósito de hacer las vidas de migrantes indocumentados casi imposibles. En este papel se discute como el negar de servicios médicos sirve como una de esas prácticas. Las leyes estatales y federales actuales son revisadas tal como políticas de hospitales locales para determinar qué tipo de acceso a servicios médicos tienen los migrantes indocumentados. Estas son comparadas con las experiencias actuales de migrantes indocumentados Mexicanos viviendo en el Condado Norte de San Diego.
El Coyote News elcoyoteonline.org
El Coyote. Crossing Border: noticias, análisis y cultura   In 2008, two students came together to create a class project for a Chicana/o Studies class whose purpose was to bring new light to pressing issues for students and communities on both sides of the border. The assignment did not end when they completed their task. Their project grew in attention, attracting numerous students from various cultural and academic backgrounds, soon becoming an alternative space for underrepresented and underserved voices to reflect their experiences. They took the name El Coyote to reflect the collective’s commitment to cross-border unity.   Today El Coyote is an online multilingual collective of writers whose commitment is to amplify the voices of communities on both sides of the border by providing an outlet for the dissemination of news, commentary, analysis, stories, art and other creative forms that express the realities and experiences we rarely see included in popular and dominant media sources. El Coyote crosses both physical and artificial borders that exclude a vast majority of people from participating in the narratives of our lives by defying and challenging traditional structures, always taking shape wholly from the viewpoints of the participants.	El Coyote. Crossing Border: noticias, análisis y cultura
Enrique Dávalos edavalos@sdccd.edu
Historia general de la maquila en la frontera norte de México: Avance de investigación en Tijuana   Desde su nacimiento, las maquilas han sido campo de batalla con innumerables conflictos laborales; en esta ponencia presento el avance de una historia de esos conflictos. La academia ha escrito sobre las maquilas, el costo humano de la industrialización y las estrategias de vida de los y las trabajadoras maquileras. También ha debatido el papel de las maquilas en el desarrollo capitalista en México. Y la academia, pero sobre todo colectivos fuera de ella han escrito innumerables boletines, volantes, correos y reportes sobre la resistencia y organización desde las líneas de producción, los centros de trabajadoras, los despachos laborales, y las colonias obreras. En este trabajo recogemos esta rica experiencia, en especial tras 1994, cuando el TLCAN fue inaugurado. Este proyecto busca explorar, por un lado, los cambios y continuidades experimentados por la industria maquiladora en la frontera norte. Y por otro lado se analizan los conflictos laborales asociados a esos cambios y continuidades. Esta historia recoge testimonios escritos y orales producidos por las y los participantes en esta confrontación de clases. Se aprovecha la participación del autor, pero sobre todo la reflexión de las principales protagonistas de esta experiencia. Así, este es un trabajo colectivo que busca sus lectores entre activistas, estudiantes, académicos y personas convencidas de que otro mundo es posible a pesar de la maquila.   About the author Enrique Davalos Akers is associate professor and chair for the Chicana and Chicano Studies Department at the San Diego City College. He collaborates with the San Diego Maquiladora Workers´ Solidarity Network and is co editor of Wounded Borders.	Historia general de la maquila en la frontera norte de México: Avance de investigación   Desde su nacimiento, las maquilas han sido campo de batalla con innumerables conflictos laborales; en esta ponencia presento el avance de una historia de esos conflictos. La academia ha escrito sobre las maquilas, el costo humano de la industrialización y las estrategias de vida de los y las trabajadoras maquileras. También ha debatido el papel de las maquilas en el desarrollo capitalista en México. Y la academia, pero sobre todo colectivos fuera de ella han escrito innumerables boletines, volantes, correos y reportes sobre la resistencia y organización desde las líneas de producción, los centros de trabajadoras, los despachos laborales, y las colonias obreras. En este trabajo recogemos esta rica experiencia, en especial tras 1994, cuando el TLCAN fue inaugurado. Este proyecto busca explorar, por un lado, los cambios y continuidades experimentados por la industria maquiladora en la frontera norte. Y por otro lado se analizan los conflictos laborales asociados a esos cambios y continuidades. Esta historia recoge testimonios escritos y orales producidos por las y los participantes en esta confrontación de clases. Se aprovecha la participación del autor, pero sobre todo la reflexión de las principales protagonistas de esta experiencia. Así, este es un trabajo colectivo que busca sus lectores entre activistas, estudiantes, académicos y personas convencidas de que otro mundo es posible a pesar de la maquila.   Acerca del autor Enrique Dávalos es profesor asociado y coordinador del departamento de Chicana and Chicano Studies en el San Diego City College. Colabora con la Red de San Diego en Solidaridad con los y las Trabajadoras de la Maquila y es co-editor de Wounded Borders.
Janeth Brijandez janeth.brijandez@gmail.com
Migratory path of multidisciplinary artists: work, professionalism and artistic production.   The study presented here analyze the path of life of migrant artists established in the city of Tijuana, since it provides a particular meaning, importance and impact to the role of the border in the different social spheres of their life, as the personal, professional, and labor as well as the influence on their artistic production. The focus on these social actors is an innovative proposal, taking in count the construction of meanings and relationship since their discipline with the environment. Based on qualitative methods, and a comparative study through oral history and a semistructured interview, this research analyzes the trajectory of life of two migrant artists and the impact of the border on specific areas of their life.   About the author Nacida en Tijuana, B.C., Janeth cursa la Licenciatura en Sociología en la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, y actualmente realiza su tesis sobre las condiciones laborales y procesos de profesionalización de bailarines y bailarinas en Tijuana. Además, es becaria-asistente en el Departamento de Estudios Sociales en El Colegio de la Frontera Norte – Sede Tijuana.	Ruta migratoria de artistas multidisciplinarios: trabajo, profesionalización y producción artística.   El estudio que aquí se presenta analiza la trayectoria de vida de dos artistas migrantes establecidos en la ciudad de Tijuana, ya que éstos brindan un sentido particular, importancia e impacto al rol de la frontera en las diferentes esferas sociales de su vida, como la personal, laboral y profesional, así como la influencia de la misma en su producción artística. El enfoque en estos actores sociales es una propuesta innovadora, tomando en cuenta la construcción de significados y relación que desde su disciplina tienen con su entorno. A partir de los métodos cualitativos, y de un estudio comparativo desde la historia oral y la entrevista semi-estructurada, es que se realiza el análisis de la trayectoria de vida de dos artistas migrantes y el impacto de la frontera en ámbitos específicos de su vida.   Acerca de la autora Nacida en Tijuana, B.C., Janeth cursa la Licenciatura en Sociología en la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, y actualmente realiza su tesis sobre las condiciones laborales y procesos de profesionalización de bailarines y bailarinas en Tijuana. Además, es becaria-asistente en el Departamento de Estudios Sociales en El Colegio de la Frontera Norte – Sede Tijuana.
Jill Marie Holslin Jholslin01@gmail.com
The importance of being there: making meaningful spaces in Tijuana   My paper will use ideas of space and performativity to talk about three art interventions in Tijuana, including Ciudad Habla, the Coyote Project, and Border Encuentro at Friendship Park. Michel de Certeau, in The Practice of Everyday Life, makes a distinction between space and place. "Places" are officially controlled and ordered, and the dominant power or dominant cultures attempt to force a certain, standardized use. On the other hand, "space" as de Certeau defines it, is lived in, experienced, and its meaning and very shape emerges through the practices of its users.  What fascinates about the urban art and the everyday life of the city of Tijuana is precisely this quotidian movement that creates its urban texture--it is in process, in movement, always changing and growing and being built. There's something (I would argue) about the environment and culture itself that makes it possible for its users to remain flexible, while overregulation and rigidity can stifle this kind of flexibility in an effort to create monuments or rigid "places" that have a fixed meaning. Friendship Park is one of these places where you see these two logics coming together--the Border Patrol has this fixed idea of it as a "place" of danger and crime, whereas Border Encuentro's practices simply "produce" new meanings and shape the park through ever changing, flexible uses.   About the author Jill Marie Holslin is a writer, photographer and border activist living in Tijuana, Baja California. Holslin has a research background in 16th-century literature and cultural studies, orientalism and modernization in the Middle East, critical theory. She publishes articles about the border wall and Tijuana/San Diego arts on her blog At the Edges.com	La importancia de estar allí: fabricación de espacios significativos en Tijuana   Mi presentacion usará ideas del espacio y performatividad para hablar aproximadamente de tres intervenciones de arte en Tijuana: Ciudad Habla, el Proyecto Coyote, y Border Encuentro en el Parque de la Amistad. Michel de Certeau, en “La Práctica de la Vida Cotidiana,” distingue los términos espacio y lugar. 'Los lugares' son oficialmente controlados y ordenados, y el poder dominante o las culturas dominantes intentan forzar un uso cierto, estandarizado. Por otra parte, 'el espacio' como de Certeau lo define, es vivido, experimentado, y su sentido y forma surge por las prácticas de sus usuarios. Lo que fascina sobre el arte urbano y la vida cotidiana de la ciudad de Tijuana es exactamente este movimiento cotidiano que crea su textura urbana - esto está en proceso, en el movimiento, siempre cambiándose y creciendo y siendo construido. Hay algo (yo discutiría) sobre el ambiente y cultura en sí mismos que hace posible para sus usuarios permanecer flexibles, mientras la sobrerregulación y la rigidez pueden sofocar esta clase de la flexibilidad en un esfuerzo para crear monumentos 'o sitios' rígidos que tengan un sentido fijo. El Parque de Amistad es uno de estos sitios donde usted ve estas dos lógicas juntas - la Patrulla Fronteriza tiene esta obsesión de ver el parque como 'un lugar' de peligro y delito, mientras que las prácticas de Border Encuentro simplemente 'producen' nuevos sentidos y forman el parque por sus usos flexibles.
Jim Miller miller229@earthlink.net   Social Justice Unionism in San Diego: Community-Labor Alliances Change the Game in San Diego   This presentation will address how AFT Local 1931’s activities working in concert with local labor, students, and allies in the community contributed the passage of Prop. 30, defeating Prop. 32, and electing Bob Filner as mayor of San Diego.   We will address how organizing and community outreach helped build the forces that won this historic election and how labor and community groups are essential to the future success of local and statewide efforts to make progressive change.    About the author Dr. Jim Miller is a Professor of English and Labor Studies at San Diego City College.  He is a political action/community outreach VP for AFT Local 1931 and is co-author of Under the Perfect Sun: The San Diego Tourist Never See (with Mike Davis and Kelly Mayhew), co-author of Better to Reign in Hell (with Kelly Mayhew) and author of two novels, Drift and Flash, both of which deal with local San Diego culture and politics.  His weekly column, Under the Perfect Sun, can be found at the San Diego Free Press (http://sandiegofreepress.org/).
José Luis Pérez Canchola perez_canchola@yahoo.com
Human Rights and Labor Law Reform in Mexico     About the author Mexican Academy of Human Rights.	Derechos Humanos y Reforma Laboral en México   Acerca del autor José Luis Pérez Canchola es miembro de la Academia Mexicana de Derechos Humanos. Fue fundador de los Centros de Información y Estudios Migratorios en Tijuana, Reynosa y Ciudad Juárez. Dirigió la Procuraduría de Derechos Humanos de Baja California en el periodo de 1991 a 1994 y fue director de Capacitación de la Procuraduría de Justicia del Distrito Federal. Actualmente escribe en diarios y revistas sobre derechos humanos, seguridad y migración.
José Manuel Valenzuela Arce mec@colef.mx
Culture: Tijuana and San Diego relationship	Cultura: relaciones entre Tijuana y San Diego   Acerca del autor El doctor Valenzuela es profesor Investigador del Departamento de Estudios Culturales de El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Doctor en Ciencias Sociales con especialidad en Sociología por El Colegio de México. Ha publicado 32 libros, 17 como autor único y 15 como coordinador y coautor. Uno de ellos obtuvo el premio Internacional Casa de las Américas, Cuba 2001; otros 3 de ellos han sido reconocidos con el Premio Nacional de Antropología Social Fray Bernardino de Sahagún (mención honorífica 2003, 1998 y 1987). En 2005 recibió la Beca Guggenheim que otorga la John Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, New York, N.Y. para creadores de reconocida trayectoria internacional. También ha sido autor de 73 capítulos en libros y 46 artículos en revistas académicas.
Justin Akers Chacón jakers@sdccd.edu
Historical Alternative Regionalism: Flores Magon   A substantive discussion of the concept of “alternative regionalisms” along the U.S. - México border would be incomplete without an historical analysis of the radical thought and organizing activities of the Mexican Revolutionary Ricardo Flores–Magón and his collaborators. The Magonistas, in erstwhile alliance with U.S. based organizations and activists, articulated a vision and a plan for an anti-capitalist transformation of both the U.S. and México along socialist lines. What began as an active effort to organize Mexican workers (in México) for the overthrow of the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz, soon spread north of the border when Flores-Magón was driven into exile. While in the U.S., not only did the Magonistas continue to agitate against Diaz, but they also invested their efforts in organizing migrant Mexican and Mexican-American workers to confront the racism and exploitation experienced under American capitalism. Through these actions, the Magonistas demonstrated a new model of cross-border integration based on the concept of the international solidarity of labor, and the commonalities of Mexican and Mexican-American workers in confronting different but inter-connected forms of oppression on either side of the border. The legacy of the Magonistas was inherited by later radical groups which have continued to the present to promote this alternative regional model.      About the author Justin Akers is associate professor for the Chicana and Chicano Studies Department at the San Diego City College. He is the author of No One is Illegal, and co editor of Wounded Borders.	Alternativas históricas de regionalismo: Flores Magon
Katherine Collins k4collin@ucsd.edu   The Violence Against Women Act: Mexican immigrant women crime victims as idealized subjects of the law, and the institutionalization of marianismo through U.S. immigration legislation.   In a time of increasingly restrictive immigration regulations in the United States, there is a small category of individuals that has been allowed a rare opportunity for legal inclusion: victims of violent crime. The purpose of this paper is to explore the underlying legislative logic behind the passage of the purportedly pro-immigrant, female-friendly laws contained within the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), that provide immigration benefits to some non-citizen immigrant victims of domestic violence, and other violent crimes in the U.S.   Through an examination of the discourse surrounding the VAWA policy making process and a critical analysis of the resulting regulations, I argue that the undocumented Mexican woman is the idealized subject of this piece of legislation that peculiarly represents an American institutionalization of marianismo-- a set of laws that expresses a preference for their inclusion in the citizenry due to their imagined hyper-moral, servile, non-threatening attributes.   I seek to demonstrate that a more accurate conception of the rationality behind the creation of this policy is by no means humanitarian. By allowing for the admittance of  these “good” women, and denying status to their “criminal” compatriots, VAWA allows for the United States to maintain a steady supply of cheap and exploitable labor, while simultaneously regulating immigration through being “tough on crime”; an increasingly popular, and deeply problematic trend in U.S. policy making.   About the author Katherine Collins is a second year master’s student in Latin American Studies, at University of California, San Diego. Her research interests include critical legal theory, and Latina/o studies. She currently is working on a project that examines the gendering and racialization of U.S. immigration law, and the effects of local bureaucratic discretion on selective immigration enforcement.
Laura Castañeda lcastane@sdccd.edu
Media and Border Presentation of a video clip that illustrate the work reporting the border reality.   About the author Laura Castañeda is an Associate Professor in the Radio and Television Department at San Diego City College and an independent producer. She most recently completed her first documentary titled “The Devil's Breath,” the account of the undocumented people who perished in the 2007 San Diego wildfires. She also produces and hosts her own show titled “Stories de la Frontera,” which airs on several PBS affiliates in the southwest United States. The recipient of numerous professional awards, Laura was most recently honored by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS) with a second Emmy for her “Stories de le Frontera” program.	Frontera y media Presentación de un video clip que ilustra el trabajo reportando la realidad fronteriza.
Magdalena Cerda MagdalenaC@environmentalhealth.org
Environmental Binational Cooperation: Laws, Rules and Organizations; Experiences for Community Strategies   About the author Environmental Health Coalition Campaign Director – Border Environmental Justice	Leyes, reglas e instancias de cooperación binacional en medio ambiente entre Tijuana y San Diego: experiencias para estrategias comunitarias   Acerca de la autora Coalición de Salud Ambiental: Directora de Campaña, Campaña Fronteriza por la Justicia Ambiental
Maria Curry marucurry@yahoo.com Lawrence D. Taylor ltaylor@colef.mx Guillermo Alonso Meneses  gui@colef.mx Miguel Olmos Aguilera olmos@colef.mx
Book Presentation Vulnerable Memory: Cultural Patrimony in Border Contexts   From the book Border regions have been characterized as multiple and fragmented territories in which difference is essential and where long term memory is ephemeral and volatile. This pattern makes traditional symbols vulnerable, both in appearance and content. The heritage turning point is not only expressed in architectural, archaeological and musical objects, or in something "intangible" in a national policy, but it is represented in the existence of various objects and places that are recognized as assets in their internal cultural values that evoke local and regional collective memory linked dialectically to a global logic.    Memoria Vulnerable (Vulnerable Memory) rescues research that describes and analyzes the life and memory of the border. It has studies that show different facets of urban tradition and culture of the border region. The chapters included in this volume are a sample of the epistemic paradoxes of patrimony conceptions, in order to contribute to a reflection on the heritage features of the border.   About the authors María Curry: Architectural Engineer with a Masters in Restoration of Monuments in Universidad Nacional Autonma de Mexico and PhD candidate in Historic Preservation Planning in Cornell University. Ex-researcher and professor in El Colegio de la Frontera Norte and Universidad Autonoma de Baja California. Historical Resources Board Member in San Diego and Internationl Council of Monuments and Sites (Mexico) representative in Baja California. Consultant on Heritage Tourism in the Mexico-US border.     Lawrence D. Taylor: is a research professor, originally from Canada, with the Departamento de Estudios Culturales, de El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, México. His research interests include the history of the U.S.-Mexico borderlands region, Canadian affairs, technological and natural resources history, inmigration history, as well as aspects of cultural, ethnic and religious diversity. He is the author of several books and numerous academic articles in these areas. He has also participated in a great number of academic events in Mexico, the U.S., Canada and Cuba.   Guillermo Alonso Meneses: Cultural Anthropologist, was born and raised in Tenerife, the Canary Islands, Spain. He received his PhD degree at the Universidad de Barcelona from the Department of Social Anthropology, History of the Americas and Africa in 1995. Since 1999 he has been a research at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana.    Miguel Olmos Aguilera: Professor- researcher at  El Colegio de la Frontera Norte. He obtained his PhD degree at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, in France. His research interests include border anthropology, etnoestétic, mythology and symbolism as well as contemporaneous rituals.	Presentación del libro Memoria Vulnerable: El patrimonio cultural en contextos de frontera   Acerca del libro Las regiones fronterizas se han caracterizado por ser territorios múltiples y fragmentados en cuyas referencias culturales se fundamenta la diferencia y donde la memoria de larga duración es efímera y volátil. Este patrón, hace que los símbolos de la tradición sean vulnerables tanto en apariencia como en contenido. El parteaguas de lo patrimonial no sólo se expresa como el reconocimiento de un objeto arquitectónico, arqueológico, musical, o algo “intangible” en una política nacional, sino que se representa como la existencia de diversos objetos y lugares que son reconocidos como patrimoniales en sus valores culturales internos al evocar la memoria colectiva a nivel local y regional vinculados dialécticamente con la lógica global.     Memoria vulnerable rescata investigaciones que describen y analizan la vida y la memoria de la frontera. Estudios que muestran distintas facetas de la tradición urbana y de las culturas de la región fronteriza. Los trabajos incluidos en este volumen son una muestra de las paradojas epistémicas de las concepciones patrimoniales, con el fin de contribuir a una reflexión sobre las características del patrimonio de la frontera.    Acerca de los autores María Curry es ingeniero arquitecto con grado de  Maestría en Restauración de Monumentos de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México y candidata a obtención de doctorado en Planificación de Conservación Histórica en la Universidad de Cornell. Fue investigadora y profesora de El Colegio de la Frontera Norte y de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Es Miembro de la Junta de Recursos Históricos en San Diego y representante en Baja California, del Consejo Internacional de Monumentos y Sitios (México). También es Consultora en Turismo Patrimonial en la frontera México-Estados Unidos.      Lawrence D. Taylor es originario de Canadá. Es profesor-investigador del Departamento de Estudios Culturales en El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, Tijuana, México. Sus temas de investigación incluyen la historia de la región fronteriza Estados Unidos-México, negocios de Canadá, tecnología y recursos naturales, historia de la inmigración, así como aspectos de la diversidad cultural, étnica y religiosa. Es autor de diversos libros y artículos académicos en éstas áreas. También ha participado en un gran número de eventos académicos en México, Estados Unidos, Cuba y Canadá.   Guillermo Alonso Meneses (Antropólogo Cultural) nació y creció en Tenerife, Islas Canarias, España. Recibió su Doctorado en el Departamento de Antropología Social, por la Universidad de Barcelona en 1995. Desde 1999 es investigador en El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, en Tijuana, México (www.colef.mx).   Miguel Olmos Aguilera, es profesor-investigador de El Colegio de la Frontera Norte desde 1998. Es Doctor en Antropología Social por el École Des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales. Ha sido profesor invitado en la Universidad de París III y en la Universidad de Bretaña desde el 2005 en Francia. Los temas de su investigación, incluyen la antropología de la frontera, etnoestética, la mitología y el simbolismo, así como los rituales contemporáneos.
Marlene Solis Pérez            incendiosd@yahoo.com.mx
	Precariedad laboral entre trabajadores/as de la industria del vestido en Tijuana   Acerca de la autora Marlene Solís es investigadora del Departamento de Estudios Sociales de El Colegio de la Frontera Norte, CLEF, en Tijuana
Martha Carolina Preciado preciado.marty@gmail.com
New  Community Development: Transfronterizos Transfronterizo, with a prefix of trans, latin root for “beyond” and “across”  reclaims the geopolitical stance of a stagnant border city. Whereas the word fronterizo depicts a border citizen, transfronterizo has the characteristic of going beyond and across la frontera. Transfronterizos, a community habitating in the center of two worlds. Furthermore, living at the center of cultural hybridity.  Tijuana, at the US/Mexico border, as an example of the border parameters which impact and shape border identity.  Although a forced physical barrier is established as a separation, it is not an ideological impediment nor cultural – only physical. Hence, transcending a physical border by empowerment through common shared values and social and political (de)construction. Transfronterizos permeate a geopolitical alteration – as the border–  to become part of a community in transition. Therefore, larger than its forced constraints.   As a shared common value, this community eradicates the physical barrier to depoliticize multiple identities. Whereas, claiming if a person belongs to one place or another, this community vanishes the concept by deconstructing la frontera. Furthermore, frowns upon anti-immigration practices and imposed barriers. As a result, us vs. them and north vs. south have been reclaimed into a new identity, a transfronterizo.   Through a personal narrative of a post-Mexican transfronteriza ; I will dispense the struggles and empowerment of a community and its identity-shaping by an unnatural border.    About the author Martha Carolina Preciado is a post-Mexicana writer, journalist, cultural and arts promoter. Served as La Coalición chair (2006-07) in Washington D.C under United States Student Association, serving and representing Latina/os in higher education. Research and writing focuses on transcultural exchange of politics and gender, with an emphasis on music, arts and culture. Now currently residing in Tijuana, Mexico.	Nuevos desarrollos comunitarios: Transfronterizos
Martha D. Escobar martha.d.escobar@csun.edu   Abolition Democracy and Immigration Reform—A Critical Conversation   Many scholars argue that massive incarceration is a strategy the state uses for the racial organization of society. Incarceration becomes a "fix" to perceived social problems, including immigration. During the last two decades the U.S. has increasingly addressed the issue of immigration through the framework of criminality, evident in the 2006 debate over the Sensenbrenner Bill, HR 4437, which attempted to make undocumented migration a criminal rather than a civil matter and criminalize people who in one way or another aided undocumented migrants. While this particular bill did not pass, anti-immigrant legislation continues to be enacted and debated at the local, state, and federal levels. The response of many immigrant rights activists is to argue for the legalization of undocumented migrants, specifically migrants who have "proven" their worth through their contributions to society, as is the case with DREAMers.   In this talk Martha D. Escobar provides a critique of the strategy of legalization and suggests that instead we need to consider a more radical response to the situation of migrants. Activist-scholar Angela Y. Davis draws from W.E.B. DuBois’s work on the abolition of slavery where he argued that in order to abolish slavery there needed to exist an array of democratic institutions to sustain real democracy. Davis applies this concept to the abolition of prisons and argues for the creation of abolition democracy, which entails creating “an array of social institutions that would begin to solve the problems that set people on the track to prison, thereby helping to render the prison obsolete.” This talk centers the concept of abolition democracy and initiates a conversation between immigrant rights and prison abolitionists on the need to expand abolition democracy to the realm of immigration.   About the author Assistant Professor, Chicana and Chicano Studies Department, California State University, Northridge
Mayoli Torres belezademayo@yahoo.com.mx
	Testimonio desde las Maquilas   Acerca de la autora Mayoli Torres es trabajadora de la maquila, activista por los derechos humano laborales de las trabajadoras e integrante del Colectivo Ollin Calli.   Ollin Calli es un colectivo de Tijuana opuesto a la explotación, en especial en las maquiladoras, y a favor de una economía alternativa. Estamos por el conocimiento y la asesoría de nuestros derechos humanos laborales, en particular por el respeto a la salud y la seguridad en las líneas de producción. Ollincallicm.blogspot.com
Mayte Castro myt_castro_16@yahoo.com   Patients in the Border: Linguistic Differences   The borderlands are a geographical space whose limits and implications are perceived in numerous ways within its literature. The border between Mexico and the United States creates a separation between peoples where the resources provided to the population become harder to access when the patient seeking help does not know English. The flow of languages is evident in all border towns yet the notion of “English-on- one –side” and “Spanish-on- the- other” creates a gap when people migrate to the United States. They experience many inequalities due to the lack of communication and as a repercussion do not acquire the same possibilities as those who have control of the English language. Health access is necessary to enhance patients’ knowledge of medical procedures as well as programs that are set in place for the community. Translation is an important way of reducing the gap between Spanish speakers residing in the border region. I seek to focus on women’s health possibilities in regards to abortion and sexual health focusing on resources, education and community or the lack thereof.   About the author Graduate student, SDSU, Department of Spanish and Portuguese
Miguel Angel Castañeda castaneda.mig@gmail.com   Strikes on the eve of the Mexican Revolution--Prelude to Revolution: Mexico 1905 to 1911   The common framework in which to view the origins of the Mexican Revolution of 1910 is with Francisco Madero making a call for the revolution and those opposed to the dictatorship of Porfirio Diaz to raised up in arms to fight for his overthrow. This view of the revolution, however, ignores important struggles that predated and created the organization the later revolution would require. This frame in particular ignores labor struggles and strikes, which although small, were significant to the revolutionary process, even though the working class would not lead the revolution at this point their struggle expressed a wider sentiment of the other social classes, including the middle and peasantry classes. This talk aims at rediscovering these labor struggles. It also involves an understanding of capitalist growth, and crisis, under the Diaz regime, of industry like textile, mining and railroads to understand the importance strikes in these industries. In particular this talk will focus on the strikes textile workers in Bellavista in 1905, the miners' strike of Cananea in 1906, and different railroad workers strikes in 1903, 1906 and 1908 and how these strikes were connected to each other and to the revolution.   About the author Chicano Studies major at San Diego City College, and an activist around budget cut issues in higher education. Member of the Socialist club on campus.
Noé López Zúñiga noe.lopez.zuniga@uabc.edu.mx
	La transmigración internacional en México y su nuevo paradigma de justicia   Debido a los cambios estructurales registrados en la sociedad, y el aumento de la inestabilidad social, se han propuesto ajustes ineludibles, como lo es el rediseño de las políticas públicas en materia de justicia y democracia. En el caso de México, esto se ha evidenciado con la implementación de la Reforma del Estado, en particular con las reformas en materia de seguridad y justicia, publicadas en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el día 18 de junio de 2008, así como con la reforma constitucional en materia de derechos humanos, publicada en el D.O.F., del 10 de junio de 2011 y con la promulgación de nuevas leyes como lo es la Ley de Migración del 25 de mayo de 2011 y otras a nivel local. En este contexto, México se encuentra por lo menos teóricamente en coherencia con los ideales de libertad y justicia, e inaugura una nueva era en el tratamiento y regulación de la justicia en México, en particular con la migración trasnacional. Primeramente, porque el Estado mexicano adopta en el artículo primero constitucional, la cláusula de interpretación conforme y el principio pro persona; adiciona un tercer párrafo, donde les traslada la obligación a las autoridades de todos los niveles y ámbitos, tanto de promover, respetar, proteger y garantizar los derechos humanos, de conformidad con los principios de universalidad, interdependencia, indivisibilidad y progresividad.   Palabras clave: Justicia, Democracia, Migración e Inmigración   Acerca del autor Noé López Zúñiga actualmente estudia el Doctorado en Derecho, en la Universidad de Buenos Aires, UBA- (Argentina). El es profesor – Investigador de la Facultad de Derecho, Tijuana, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. UABC. Ha publicado varios libros incluyendo La migración bajo la óptica del derecho (2011).
Pamela Calore pamcalore@cox.net   Photographs and Collages of Hope and Spirit- Mexico 2012   The artwork represents current events and life in Mexico this past summer. I was in a SOMA residency in Mexico City for six weeks. Program link http://somamexico.org/en/summer/soma-summer-2012/The artists were given study space and the focus of our art practice was geared towards the Transformation of Labor... The images include Newspaper articles, student marches- Mexico City- ("La Patrona "water and food for migrants traveling north to the US border on the train), and Oaxaca... I would like the Slideshow to be presented as a video loop so that it can be viewed all day during the conference. The images can either be viewed on a monitor or projected on the wall. And if possible the artwork displayed on pedestals and the wall.   SOMA Summer 2012 took place from July 02 to August 11, 2012.This summer’s topic considers the transformation of labor in artistic practice from the Second World War to the present. Seminars and workshops will help the group reflect on the shift from a manufacturing to service economy in developed countries as well as new definitions of labor that have extended beyond all national boundaries.   SOMA Summer participants will revisit the legacy of conceptual art as a mode of production, the role of craft in contemporary art practices, and the pertinency of learning technical skills in art education. The group will also explore the possibilities of alternative economies, and look closely at the ways in which artists participate in decentralized, global networks of production.   About the author Artist statement--By using the mediums of collage, painting, video and installation, I hope to reflect social and cultural attitudes characteristic of the blending of global societies. My current focus is an investigation into the transportation industry along the NAFTA Highway, immigration and border issues.
Roberto D. Hernández rhernandez@mail.sdsu.edu   Anti-immigrant? Or anti-Indigenous?:  The coloniality of state and extra-legal civilian patrols   While much of the western world witnesses a surge in anti-immigrant hysteria, this paper analyses the long-historical logics underpinning much of the backlash against recent migrants in the United States, with the aim of unpacking the lessons to be learned for other migration contexts.  Focusing on the long-term implications and presuppositions of current anti-immigrant and anti-Ethnic Studies laws in the state of Arizona, this paper argues that instead of a generalized nativist and xenophobic attitude, and aside from the specific legal consequences they may have, such laws speak to and are grounded in a much longer and deeper history of colonialist anti-Indigenism upon which not only the United States, but the broader Spanish, British, and French colonial enterprises in the Americas were founded.   This paper accordingly suggests the need for a change in spatio-temporal frame, whereby instead of thinking of the colonial past as past, and of migration as a national-territorial phenomena where sending country migrants enter receiving countries, we should rather think about how most migrants are inherently deterritorialized colonial subjects, intricately implicated in a long-historical web that re-constitutes them immigrants, and in doing so obfuscates the existing power dynamics by rendering such subjects as criminal and/or irregular.  In the case of the United States, much of the anti-immigrant backlash is based on a twofold approach: legitimized by that state, but driven by the popular imaginary and by the workings of anti-"immigrant" civilans patrol groups who direct their efforts almost exclusively against particularly indigenous-descended Latina/o migrants.   About the author Assistant Professor, Chicana and Chicano Studies, San Diego State University
Rosio Barajas rosio_barajas_escamilla@yahoo.com.mx
Trans-border Relationships in the Socio-Economic Development of the Mexico-USA Border Area	Relaciones Transfronterizas en el Desarrollo socio-economico de la frontera Mexico-Estados Unidos   La presentación intentara mostrar la importancia de las relaciones Transfronteriza para el desarrollo socio-económico que ha experimentado las regiones fronterizas entre México y Estados Unidos y las cuales se han basado en procesos de proximidad  geográfica  y complementariedad para el desarrollo de sus actividades productivas. De manera particular se analizara la experiencia de los efectos en la frontera mexicana.   Acerca de la autora Profesora-investigadora del Departamento de Estudios Sociales de COLEF. PhD en Ciencias Sociales con especialidad en Economía Política Internacional y Estudios Regionales. Coordinadora del libro Normatividad y Políticas Públicas en la Frontera Norte de México en el siglo XX y coordinadora del proyecto de investigación Cooperación Bilateral y Gobernanza Transfronteriza: Lineamientos de políticas públicas" bajo el financiamiento CONACYT.
Sara Solaimani ssolaima@ucsd.edu   ERRE Home to individuals from countless walks of life, and geographically and historically placed in a critical social, economic, and political crossroads of the globe, the Mexico-United States border region is a unique space that engenders a highly complex, multidimensional culture, typified by tension, crisis and dynamism. Within this culture, contemporary art practices have collectively formed a mélange of novel creative articulations of the Border, characterized by asymmetry and disproportionate power relations. Anthropological work by contemporary scholars concludes that Tijuana is the largest, and arguably the most dynamic and conflictive city on the Border. Per Nestor Garcia-Canclini and Norma Iglesias Prieto, artists increasingly act as agents for raising awareness and promoting social change in times of socioeconomic crisis, a dynamic apparent in Tijuana.   This research explores the work of Marcos Ramírez ERRE, who due to his subjective condition/experiences and capacity to connect local concerns to a global context, has achieved international recognition. Themes, placement and media of Ramírez’s pieces form a contextual map of art challenging imposed physical and metaphysical borders. The border is law enforcement, but also a cultural meeting place—an opportunity to better understand external and internal “others,” and naturalize the complex transborder condition. Inspired by Iglesias Prieto’s operational dedication to define the global transborder condition that marks the lives of many, I re-appropriate it. Transborder is presence between two worlds. It is a collective product of distinct transborder experiences—crossings for myriad purposes that inevitably require careful consideration and negotiation of borders, that entail creativity and strategy.   About the author Sara Solaimani earned a MA as a student of Norma Iglesias Prieto at SDSU.
Stephany Farley steph1988@me.com   We can Build Her.  We Have the Technology: The ‘Liberator’ Cyborg Figure and [Alien]ation in Alex Rivera’s Sleep Dealer   In her “Cyborg Manifesto,” Donna Haraway proposes a mythical identity for those of us living in the late 20th century, a cyborg identity.  Though she mentions the cyborgs of contemporary science fiction, her meaning is less literal than theoretical. Haraway intends her cyborg theory to describe the real, lived experience of hybridity; what she is proposing is not unlike the concept of mestizaje.  Yet it is difficult to divorce the cyborg completely from science fiction and, especially in the early 21st century, even from reality.  In this era of exponential technological advancement, it becomes increasingly important to theorize the cyborg in a more literal sense, and what better way to do that than through science fiction?  In this paper I will analyze Alex Rivera’s 2008 film Sleep Dealer to assess the extent to which “actual” cyborgs can function independently of the military-industrial complex from which they emerge.  The analysis of embodied cyborgs is increasingly necessary, and Rivera’s cyborgs are especially important because their technological facets are inextricably linked to post-capitalist labor practices.  A reading of Rivera’s film through a Marxist lens allows for new possibilities in cyborg theory and a social constructionist approach to technology that well serve us well in the years ahead.  Rivera’s vision of maquiladora work, though technically science fiction, is eerily familiar, and his imagined cyborgs can provide real insight into the lived experiences of migrant workers today.   About the author Stephany Farley is pursuing a Master’s degree in English at San Diego State University.  Though her focus is American Literature, she has a wide range of interests including, but not limited to, Chicana/o Literature, Mythology/Folktales, and Science Fiction/Fantasy.
Teresita Rocha Jiménez trochaji@ucsd.edu
The Impacts of Sex Work Policies for Central American Sex Worker´s along the Mexico-Guatemala border   Mexico is one of the few countries in the world experiencing the three migratory dynamics: origin, transit and destination of migrants. Every year between two hundred thousand and four hundred thousand Central Americans enter Mexico’s southern border, approximately a hundred and fifty thousand cite the U.S. as labor market as their final destination (INM, 2010). As a result of the structural factors that converge in this border like poverty, gender inequality and stigma, a lot of Central American women enter into the sex industry mostly to earn money to continue their journey to the United States or to send money to their home countries. However, some of them are deceived to enter into this business by a smuggler, a family member or their partner (Casillas, 2006).    The goal of this paper is to explore the context of trafficking in this region and to analyze the impacts and consequences of the anti-trafficking regulations in Mexico for female Central American sex workers along the Mexico-Guatemala border. In June 2012, Mexico’s government published an anti-trafficking law to “prevent, eradicate, and prosecute” human trafficking. I seek to demonstrate that the sex work context in the region is highly complex and that the anti-trafficking law does not take into consideration all the elements that shape the sex trafficking context, such as poverty, gender-based violence and stigma. Instead of preventing violence and empowering women, the implementation of this policy is violating immigrant sex worker´s human rights and access to health.   About the author Latin American Studies, University of California, San Diego	Los impactos de la implementación de las políticas sobre trabajo sexual para las trabajadoras sexuales centroamericanas a lo largo de la frontera México-Guatemala
Victor Clark Alfaro clarkvictor@hotmail.com
	Deportados mexicanos, extranjeros en su país   Los ciclos de crisis economicas en Estados Unidos,  provocan la disminuion de la demanda de mano de obra indocumentada y documentada, en sectores especificos de la economia, y como consecuencia su expulsión a su pais de origen, Mexico. La condicion de esta  mano de obra barata expulsada a  la frontera mexicana, adquiere una dimension distinta, ya que en su propio pais, el migrante repatriado, enfrentara falta de oportunidades laborales y riesgos en la mayoria de los casos:   abusos de autoridad, desempleo, discriminación, rechazo social. En este panel analizaremos la  condicion del deportado,  acompañados de  los protagonistas de esta interminable historia: los repatriados.   Acerca de los autores   Victor Clark Alfaro imparte clases en el Center for Latin American Studies de San  Diego State University y es también director del  Centro Binacional de Derechos Humanos
Yanet Lopez-Cardenas yanet.lopez.77@my.csun.edu Fernando Masias masias@sandiego.edu Lauren Ortiz laurenbortiz@sandiego.edu Daniela Perez danielaps89@hotmail.com Tom Reifer reifer@sandiego.edu
From Borders, Books and Barricades to Beyond Divide and Rule: Alternative Regionalisms, Struggles for Community and the Remaking of the Global System As we approach the 20th anniversary of the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) this January of 2014, it is high time to reconsider its legacy, as its widely touted promissory notes have proven empty.  Rather than, as promised, moving towards regional development along a high wage path, boosting employment across the region, the region has instead seen continued rates of high migration from Mexico, replete with a deep global financial crisis, with massive unemployment among the three trade partners and across much of the world.  Accompanying these deepening economic and social crises have been typical strategies of divide and rule, replete with the deportation and criminalization of immigrant communities in the US, massive austerity programs and related budget cuts that are today decimating the public education systems at all levels in the US, California most of all, replete with attacks on Ethnic Studies, as in Arizona.  At the same time, in the past few decades, prison populations and budgets for the criminal (in)justice system in the US have vastly expanded.  Today, the criminalization of immigration further threatens immigrant communities in the US, mostly especially the fastest growing segment of the US population, Latin@s.  At the same time, opportunities for exit from Mexico are increasingly closed off, with the militarization of the border and border communities, something that will surely lead to increased activism among progressive movements there.   This paper explores the failure of NAFTA and examines possibilities for an alternative regionalism that combines a high road, high wage path for Mexico, Canada and the US, both similar to and linked with ongoing the process of alternative regional integration seen today across Latin America, with its rising “pink tide” of popular movements and progressive governments.  Specifically, the paper explores the possibility that the changing demography of the US, what with Latin@s (predominantly Chican@s) becoming the majority “minority,” the fastest growing part of the labor force, and the US becoming a predominantly multicultural society.  As persons of color the numerical majority in the US, this could provide for a new wave of struggles for community – based on entwined intersections of and multiracial struggles across lines of race-ethnicity, class, gender and nation - that could also help to remake North America, Latin America and the larger global system on new and enlarged social foundations, at once more equitable, democratic, environmentally sustainable and socially just.  This new configuration, heralded in the global spread and diffusion of the Occupy Wall Street movement just a little over one year ago, with its focus on the 1 versus the 99%, would be based on the generalization of democratic as opposed to oligarchic wealth, including the egalitarian distribution of knowledge and education.   This alternative vision imagines expanded investments for public education, along with a related democratic politics that provides the way for a more egalitarian future.  These new struggles are today based on people’s solidarity and the building of inclusive communities across borders - internal and external as Gloria Anzaldua has so eloquently written of - to counter strategies of divide and rule.  These new promising struggles can be seen in the birth of the Zapatista movement, the immigrant workers freedom rides, May Day demonstrations for immigrant rights, against criminalization of immigrants and for education and the Dream Act in the US, along with community, labor, indigenous and environmental struggles in Mexico, Canada and the US – including against shale gas project in Northwestern Canada - as well as a host of other struggles across North America, Latin America and the global system as a whole.   About the authors Yanet Lopez-Cardenas, Fernando Masias, Lauren Ortiz, Daniela Perez are former and current University of San Diego (USD) McNair Scholars.  Tom Reifer is professor for the Department of Sociology, Ethnic Studies, Psychology and Philosophy at the University of San Diego, and for the Department of Chicana and Chicano Studies at the California State University, Northridge.	De fronteras, libros y barricadas a más allá de dividir y gobernar: regionalismo alternativo, luchas comunitarias y la reelaboración del sistema global
Yesenia Macias yessenia_macias@yahoo.com
Fronterizo: From Neither Here Nor There	Fronterizo , ni de aquí ni de allá Ni de aquí ni de allá, es el dilema que se vive diariamente en la frontera. El vivir la experiencia de encontrarse en dos países, dos culturas, dos idiomas y aun así no pertenecer completamente a uno solo. Las personas en la frontera  por diferentes razones se ven atrapadas en estos dos mundos y cruzan la frontera diariamente; tienen una experiencia muy única y desarrollan una identidad propia, que puede ser definida como identidad Fonteriza. Quiero presentar esta idea, y presentar testimonios de personas que viven esta experiencia y que se consideran Fronterizos. Los testimonios serán presentados en un corto documental que explora las causas por las cuales estas personas se ven atrapadas en estos dos mundos, y, más importante, las diferencias entre Mexicanos, Chicanos, y el nacimiento de una identidad Fronteriza .   Acerca de la autora Yesenia es estudiante de San Diego City College; su especialidad es estudios de chicanos y chicanas
Yo soy 132 Student Movement Facebook: YoSoy132TJOficial, YoSoy132SanDiego   Nestor Estrada, #Yo Soy 132 Tijuana Yuridia Blanco-Bezares, #Yo Soy 132 San Diego Pau Belle, #Yo Soy 132 San Diego